热门问题解答！！

阿丹

B/S结构软件的优越性

1、系统整合: 无论是办公自动化（OA）系统，人力资源（HR）系统，客户关系管理（CRM）系统，ERP等等，发展的趋势是不断融合。而采用统一的B/S结构开发的产品无论是现在还是将来都是最好的选择，它提供了真正意义上无缝地与其它系统进行整合的方案。
2、跨越平台的限制: Linux的出现使中国政府出于安全和国家战略的考虑，希望有自己的操作系统的这种想法变成了现实，不久也许国产的Linux系统将占据更多桌面系统的市场份额。而采用Java语言实现的B/S架构的软件产品真正做到了“一次编写处处运行(Write Once, Run Anywhere)” ,对企业而言，可以规避将来更换操作系统所带来的风险。
3、健壮的系统：B/S结构是用Java语言实现的。Java语言实现的软件具有天然的健壮性。这是Java语言自身的特性保证的。利用Java写成的软件几乎不可能造成系统崩溃，这正是安全性要求很高的企业级应用所不可或缺的特性。
4、软件操作、维护和升级方式的革命：软件系统的改进和升级越来越频繁，B/S架构的产品在维护和升级方面具备显著的优势。无论用户的规模有多大，有多少分支机构都不会增加任何维护升级的工作量，所有的操作只对服务器进行，通过远程连接服务器，异地的运维人员甚至于可以做到远程维护和升级，所有的客户端只是浏览器，所有的操作都和上网浏览网页类似，使用者接受的培训也仅限于业务逻辑而无需将大量精力浪费学习软件操作上。
5、面向电子商务时代的技术：将来所有的应用系统几乎都在互联网或企业内部广域网上运行，发展电子商务成为企业不可避免的信息化道路。B/S架构的软件正是电子商务的基石，正是这类软件使得移动办公和分布式协同工作真正成为现实。无论在世界的那个角落，只需要一台可以联网的设备（计算机、PDA甚至手机）都可以方便地与客户联系和与他人协同工作。

[ 本帖最后由 阿丹 于 2007-10-28 22:38 编辑 ]

hbxingjing

企业ERP、换ERP是完全是为了自己的生存，应了一句话，“适者生存，不适者淘汰”。
也就是说分析一套管理软件本身是否具备核心竞争力。。。
！（1）稀缺性。
！（2）不易复制性
！（3）不易代替性
内部与外部的整合，生产链与供应链的双运行效率提高！达到双赢的效益。
了解恩信开源ERP的朋友们评价：
`````做到了``````

阿丹

B/S结构的软件与C/S结构软件的区别

一、简单的说：B/S是浏览器服务器模式,比如E-mail.      C/S是客户端服务器模式,比如QQ.
二、具体的说：
  1、软件本身：
  1）编写程序要求不同：C/S意思是客户端的程序编写,而B/S是服务器端的编写, B/S必须有多年的C/S经验才能编写的.
  2）管理信息系统不同：（硬件环境的要求和操作、）传统的管理信息系统一般采用C/S架构（客户机/服务器，Client/Server）方式来完成。一般建立在专用的网络上, 小范围里的网络环境, 局域网之间再通过专门服务器提供连接和数据交换服务，在这一架构中，业务逻辑位于客户端，每完成一项事务，都要频繁地访问数据库，使得网络上数据流量非常大，对于慢速连接的用户，甚至无法使用。而B/S架构实际上是三层架构，建立在广域网之上的, 不必是专门的网络硬件环境,例如电话上网, 租用设备. 信息自己管理. 有比C/S更强的适应范围, 一般只要有操作系统和浏览器就行。在这种架构中，业务逻辑放置于中间件服务器上，大量的数据流也位于中间件和数据库之间，而客户机只是简单地发出请求，中间件接受请求后进行事务处理并将处理的结果返回给客户机，这一类型的客户机也称之为“廋客户”
  3）信息流不同传统的C/S架构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统开发不同版本的软件，面对众多的操作系统和软件快速的升级换代，软件系统的改进和升级越来越频繁。并且C/S程序一般是典型的中央集权的机械式处理, 交互性相对低。用户使用起来很不方便。而采用Java语言实现的B/S架构的软件产品真正做到了“一次编写处处运行(Write Once, Run Anywhere)” , 所有的客户端只是浏览器，所有的操作都和上网浏览网页类似。 信息流向可变化, B-B B-C B-G等信息、流向的变化, 更象交易中心。
2、成本不同：
    二次开发、维护需要人财物）传统的C/S架构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统开发不同版本的软件，而面对众多的操作系统和软件快速的升级换代，程序由于整体性, 必须整体考察, 处理出现的问题以及系统升级. 升级难. 可能是需要再做一个全新的系统，需要大量的人、财、物的投入，并且时间周期漫长。而且C/S 多是建立的Window平台上,表现方法有限,对维护人员普遍要求较高。 B/S架构的产品在维护和升级方面具备显著的优势。B/S 构件组成,方面构件个别的更换,实现系统的无缝升级. 系统维护开销减到最小.用户从网上自己下载安装就可以实现升级.，无论用户的规模有多大，有多少分支机构都不会增加任何维护升级的工作量，所有的操作只对服务器进行，通过远程连接服务器，异地的运维人员甚至于可以做到远程维护和升级，B/S 建立在浏览器上, 有更加丰富和生动的表现方式与用户交流. 并且大部分难度减低,减低开发成本.这对人力、时间、费用的节省是相当惊人的。
3、安全性不同：
    传统的C/S架构的软件需要针对不同的操作系统开发，不同版本的软件，面对众多的操作系统和软件快速的升级换代， 采用这一架构开发软件，对于企业的IT投资无疑是一种巨大的风险。而采用Java语言实现的B/S架构的软件产品真正做到了“一次编写处处运行”，Java语言实现的软件具有天然的健壮性。这是Java语言自身的特性保证的。利用Java写成的软件几乎不可能造成系统崩溃，这正是安全性要求很高的企业级应用所不可或缺的特性，对企业而言，可以规避将来更换操作系统所带来的风险。B/S 对安全以及访问速度的多重的考虑, 建立在需要更加优化的基础之上B/S结构的程序架构是发展的趋势, 从MS的.Net系列的BizTalk 2000 Exchange 2000等, 全面支持网络的构件搭建的系统. SUN 和IBM推的JavaBean 构件技术等,使 B/S更加成熟.

阿丹

什么是GPL开源协议?
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) yyyy name of author
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.