sap部分开发笔记5

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【abap4 开发笔记（二）】  

数据类型与数据对象

（ABAP BC400 P4-26记录）

类型:

1
用户或本地类型

2
数据字典ABAP 类型

包括：

d
Date (YYYYMMDD)

t
Time (HHMMSS)

i
Integer

f
float point number

string
character String

xstring
byte sequencs 十六进制

定义方法：

TYPES: flag_type (1) TYPE C. 定义了一个长度为1的字符型类型

数据对象

一、
Elementary Date Object基本数据对象-------变量

TYPES:
flag_type (1)
TYPE
C.

DATA: counter
TYPE
I,
* ABAP类型

flag
TYPE
flag_type,
* 本地用户类型,程序内部定义的

carrid
TYPE s_carr_id .
* 数据元素全局类型 数据字典中定义的

DATA varname1
TYPE
I .

DATA varname2
LIKE
varname1 .
*继承

二、
Structures 结构

1、结构定义方式

2-1-1参考ABAP字典定义方式：


TABLES
sbc400_carrier .
参照数据字典中预定义的结构


DATA:
wa_carr
TYPE
scarr.
参照数据字典中透明表


TABLES
sflight .
*
定义一个同数据库表同名的工作区，初始取第一条记录填充这个结构

备注：Transparent table

There is a physical table on the database for each transparent table. The names of the physical tables and the logical table definition in the ABAP/4 Dictionary correspond.

All business data and application data are stored in transparent tables.

可看看 例子：

Dictionary Struture TYPE
SBC400FOCC

2-1-2、本地LOCAL PROGRAM结构类型定义

使用TYPE statement

BEGIN OF
<structure type>

…

END OF < structure type >

如：

TYPES: BEGIN OF flightinfo_type,

carrid
TYPE s_carr_id,

conn
TYPE s_conn_id,

fldate
TYPE s_date,

seatsmax
TYPE sflght-seatsmax,

seatssocc
TYPE sflght-seatsocc,

percentage(3) TYPE p DECIMALS 2,

END OF flightinfo_type.

* 以上方式定义的结构不能直接访问其字段或给字段赋值

再定义一个使用中的结构

DATA
<structure name> TYPE < structure name > .

如：DATA
wa_flightinfo type flightinfo_type.

* 注意冒号使用上的差别

2、访问结构中的字段

例子：

…

DATA：wa_scarr TYPE
scarr .
*参照数据字典中透明表定义结构

wa_scarr-carrid
= ‘LH’
.

SELECT SINGLE * FROM scarr

INTO wa_scarr

WHERE CARRID = wa_scarr-carrid .

WRITE: / wa_scarr-carrid,

wa_scarr-carrname .

…

3、Copying Identically-Name Field Between Structures

使用 Move-corresponding

例子：

DATA：wa_sflight TYPE sflight,
*根据现有的数据表定义结构

wa_sbc400focc TYPE
sbc400focc. *根据ABAP字典结构定义结构

SELECT SINGLE * FROM SFLIGHT

INTO WA_SFLIGHT .

IF sy-subrc = 0 .

MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa_sflight TO wa_sbc400focc.

WRITE: / wa_sbc400focc-CARRID,

wa_sbc400focc-CONNID,

wa_sbc400focc-FLDATE.

ENDIF .

三、
TERNAL TABLES 内表

为了在内存中处理多条记录，不能使用结构，而要使用INTERNAL TABLE

他有三种形式：

&#61548;
STANDARD TABLES

&#61548;
SORTED TABLES

&#61548;
HASHED TABLE

我们将只讨论STANDARD TABLE

1、DECLARING INERTAL TABLES 参照字典内表类型

DATA itab_flightinfo TYPE abc400_t_sbc400focc
[with header line].

2、程序中的本地表类型 SYNTAX (语法)

TYPES:
flightinfo_type

TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF sbc400focc

WITH
NON-UNIQUE
KEY
carrid
connid
fldate .

DATA
itab_flightinfo
TYPE
flightinfo_type
.

3、使用BEGIN…END OF <ITAB_NAME>*******

DATA： BEGIN OF itab
OCCURS
0 ,

*Carrid like scarr-carrid,

*Carrname like scarr-carrname,

NAME(20),

AGE TYPE I,

……

END OF itab .

itab-NAME = 'Michael'.

itab-AGE
= 25.

APPEND itab.
*插入内表数据

itab-NAME = 'Gabriela'.

itab-AGE
= 22.

APPEND itab.

4、EXAMPLE ： 将内表数据显示方法：

3-4-1、使用LOOP

*先申明内表和工作区（结构）declaration of internal table and workarea

DATA: itab_flightinfo TYPE sbc400_t_sbc400focc,
*参照字典内表

Wa_flightinfo Like line of itab_flightinfo .

*参照内表结构声明结构（工作区）

           

      

Itab_flightinfo
<----
Wa_flightinfo

      

LOOP AT itab_flightinfo into wa_flightinfo.

Write: /wa_flightinfo-carrid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-connid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsmax,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsocc,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-percentage,

‘%’.

Endloop .

3-4-2、使用INDEX

LOOP AT itab_flightinfo INTO wa_flightinfo FROM
1 TO 5.

Write: /wa_flightinfo-carrid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-connid,

write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsmax,

……

ENDLOOP.

*读单条符合条件的记录

READ TABLE
itab_flightinfo INTO wa_flightinfo
INDEX
3.

Write: /wa_flightinfo-carrid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-connid,

write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsmax,

……

‘%’.

3-4-3、使用KEYS

LOOP AT itab_flightinfo INTO wa_flightinfo
WHERE carrid = ‘LH’ .

Write: /wa_flightinfo-carrid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-connid,

write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsmax,

……

ENDLOOP.

*读单条符合条件的记录

READ TABLE
itab_flightinfo INTO wa_flightinfo

With TABLE KEY

carrid = ‘LH’,

connid = ‘0400’

fldate = sy-datum .

IF sy-subrc = 0 .

Write: /wa_flightinfo-carrid,

Write: /wa_flightinfo-connid,

write: /wa_flightinfo-seatsmax,

……

‘%’.

ENDIF .

5、内表数据排序

SORT itab_flightinfo BY percentage .

6、释放内存空间     

*最后清空内表数据

CLEAR
itab .

REFRESH
itab . *works like clear

FREE
itab.
*deletes the internal table and releases the memory .

7、带表头的INTERNAL TABLE

DATA
<itab>
TYPE
<itabletype>
[WITH
HEADER LINE] .

*用工作区与带表头内表的操作区别：

EXAMPLE:

STRUTURES AND ASSIGNING VALUE

/h
打开调试模式

program code :

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Report
SAPBC400TSS_ITAB_LOOP

*

*&
*

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*&
*

*&

*

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT
sapbc400tss_itab_loop
.

DATA: it_spfli TYPE sbc400_t_spfli. * sbc400_t_spfli为数据字典内表

DATA: wa_spfli TYPE spfli.
*参照透明表定义结构（工作区）

（tables wa_spfli .）

START-OF-SELECTION.

SELECT * FROM spfli INTO TABLE it_spfli.

* at least one dataset selected

IF sy-subrc = 0.

* move each single dataset from internal table to structure WA_SPFLI in

* order to write data on list

LOOP AT it_spfli INTO wa_spfli.

WRITE: / wa_spfli-carrid,

wa_spfli-connid,

wa_spfli-cityfrom,

wa_spfli-cityto,

wa_spfli-deptime,

wa_spfli-arrtime.

ENDLOOP.

ENDIF.

EXAMPLE 2：

REPORT
sapbc400dds_select_sflight_tab
.

DATA: wa_flight TYPE sbc400focc,

it_flight TYPE sbc400_t_sbc400focc.

PARAMETERS: pa_car TYPE s_carr_id.

START-OF-SELECTION.

*Select all datasets from database table SFLIGHT corresponding to

*carrier PA_CAR

SELECT carrid connid fldate seatsmax seatsocc FROM sflight

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF wa_flight

WHERE carrid = pa_car.

*Calculate occupation of each flight

wa_flight-percentage =

100 * wa_flight-seatsocc / wa_flight-seatsmax.

* Insert single line into internal table

INSERT wa_flight INTO TABLE it_flight.

* Alternatively, you could use the APPEND statement,

* if you are using standard tables:

*

*
APPEND wa_flight TO it_flight.

*

ENDSELECT.

*sort internal table

SORT it_flight BY percentage.

*Create List from sorted internal table

LOOP AT it_flight INTO wa_flight.

WRITE: / wa_flight-carrid,

wa_flight-connid,

wa_flight-fldate,

wa_flight-seatsocc,

wa_flight-seatsmax,

wa_flight-percentage,'%'.

ENDLOOP.

补充：

NODES：spfli,sflight.

定义一个与后面表名结构相同的工作区

原来用TABLES，现在此法也兼容。

更新数据库表格

&#61550;UPDATE

1、使用工作区更新

UPDATE <database> FROM <wa>.

2、针对于某个字段的更新

UPDATE <database> SET <f1>=<values>… WHERE <condition>.

&#61550;MODIFY <database> FROM <wa>.

     根据Primary Key寻找数据库中符合条件的记录，若找到则更新相应字段

     的值，若找不到则新增该记录。

&#61550;DELETE

1、使用工作区删除

DELETE <database> FROM <wa>.

2、有条件地删除

DELETE FROM <database> WHERE <condition>.

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