存货管理件是什么意思？

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存货管理内涵、目标及意义   存货是指企业在正常生产经营过程中持有的、以销售的产成品或商品，或为了出售仍然处于生产过程中的产品，或在生产过程、劳务过程中消耗的材料、物料等。它是反映企业流动资金运作情况的晴雨表，往往成为少数人用来调节利润、偷逃国家税费基金的调节器。因为它不仅在企业营运资本中占很大比重，而且又是流动性较差的流动资产。存货管理就是对企业的存货进行管理，主要包括存货的信息管理和在此基础上的决策分析，最后进行有效控制，达到存货管理的最终目的提高经济效益。   企业置留存货的原因一方面是为了保证生产或销售的经营需要，另一方面是出自价格的考虑，零购物资的价格往往较高，而整批购买在价格上有优惠。但是，过多地存货要占用较多资金，并且会增加包括仓储费、保险费、维护费、管理人员工资在内的各项开支，因此，进行存货管理目标就是尽力在各种成本与存货效益之间做出权衡，达到两者的最佳结合，这就是存货管理的目标。   存货作为一项重要的流动资产，它的存在势必占用大量的流动资金。一般情况下，存货占工业企业总资产的30%左右，商业流通企业的则更高，其管理利用情况如何，直接关系到企业的资金占用水平以及资产运作效率。因此，一个企业若要保持较高的盈利能力，应当十分重视存货的管理。在不同的存货管理水平下，企业的平均资金占用水平差别是很大的。通过实施正确的存货管理方法，来降低企业的平均资金占用水平，提高存货的流转速度和总资产周转率，才能最终提高企业的经济效益。   当前企业存货管理存在问题及原因   1.存货的收入、发出、结存缺乏真实记录。   材料领用记录生产成本及费用的归集、结转的记录人为因素较多，尤其在工程项目核算上更显现其弊端。比如，甲、乙两个工号同时开工，月末核算记录显示的是乙工号的材料消耗极少甚至为零，而甲工号的材料消耗多出一大块；原辅材料已经领用消耗，而实际上并未相应结转成本；原辅材料并未领用消耗，而实际上已经结转了成本；购入的材料已经领用消耗，购货发票未到，期末又没有按规定暂估入库，造成资产负债表期末存货记录减少甚至出现红字余额。   2.内部控制制度不健全。   在材料采购、产品销售环节往往由同一个人完成采购销售、付款收款、入库出库等全过程，使采购销售工作无章可依，还会提供暗箱操作的温床，增加了营私舞弊的可能性。   3.流动资金占用额高。   因库存量大，导致流动资金占用额高，有的企业存货储备要占到流动资金总额的60％以上，给企业流动资金周转带来很大的困难。   4.非正常存货储备量挤占了正常的存货储备量。   为控制流动资金占用额，在日常存货管理中尽量降低库存占用量，减少进货量，从而影响了正常生产经营所需要的合理存货储备量。   5.管理不到位。   毁损待报废、超储积压存货储备在每年一次的清产核资中都要作为重点问题进行上报，但每年都是只上报，没有上级主管部门的批示，没有处理结果，致使毁损待报废、超储积压存货储备量像滚雪球一样越滚越大，没有从根本上解决问题。   提高企业存货管理水平的途径分析   1.严格执行财务制度规定，使账、物、卡三相符。   存货管理要严格执行财务制度规定，对货到发票未到的存货，月末应及时办理暂估入库手续，使账、物、卡三相符。   2.采用ABC控制法，降低存货库存量，加速资金周转。   对存货的日常管理，根据存货的重要程度，将其分为ABC三种类型。A类存货品种占全部存货的10%~15%，资金占存货总额的80%左右，实行重点管理，如大型备品备件等。B类存货为一般存货，品种占全部存货的20%~30%，资金占全部存货总额的15%左右，适当控制，实行日常管理，如日常生产消耗用材料等。C类存货品种占全部存货的60%~65%，资金占存货总额的5％左右，进行一般管理，如办公用品、劳保用品等随时都可以采购。通过ABC分类后，抓住重点存货，控制一般存货，制定出较为合理的存货采购计划，从而有效地控制存货库存，减少储备资金占用，加速资金周转。   3.加强存货采购管理，合理运作采购资金，控制采购成本。   首先，计划员要有较高的业务素质，对生产工艺流程及设备运行情况要有充分的了解，掌握设备维修、备件消耗情况及生产耗用材料情况，进而做出科学合理的存货采购计划。其次，要规范采购行为，增加采购的透明度。本着节约的原则，采购员要对供货单位的品质、价格、财务信誉动态监控；收集各种信息，同类产品货比多家，以求价格最低、质量最优；同时对大宗原燃材料、大型备品备件实行招标采购，杜绝暗箱操作，杜绝采购黑洞。这样，既确保了生产的正常进行，又有效地控制了采购成本，加速了资金周转、提高了资金的使用效率。   4.充分利用ERP等先进的管理模式，实现存货资金信息化管理。   要想使存货管理达到现代化企业管理的要求，就要使企业尽快采用先进的管理模式，如ERP系统。利用ERP使人、财、物、产、供、销全方位科学高效集中管理，最大限度地堵塞漏洞，降低库存，使存货管理更上一个新台 简单的理解应该就是对企业的产成品、半成品、原材料、生产所需消耗品等进行管理。

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yunnao

希望对大家有用

玉叶风琳

有用，又温顾了大学里所学ABC分类法

zjc6302323

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尹帖虫究

好吧我不知道说写什么
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